Ever wondered what kind of forklift you actually need, or what all those different types even do? You’re not alone. Forklifts might look similar at first glance, but there’s a lot going on under the surface. From indoor warehouse lifting to outdoor heavy-duty construction, the type of forklift (and how it’s powered) plays a big role in how well the job gets done.
What Exactly Is a Forklift?
A forklift is a small industrial vehicle with a power-operated platform (called tynes or forks) at the front. It’s designed to lift and move loads over short distances. That might sound simple, but they’re absolutely essential in warehousing, manufacturing, logistics, and construction.
Different forklifts Melbourne are built for different terrains, load capacities, lift heights, and even turning radiuses. So, picking the right one isn’t just about grabbing whatever’s available; it’s about safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.
Common Types of Forklifts
There’s no one-size-fits-all here. Each type has a specific strength, and knowing what makes each unique will help you avoid a mismatch.
Counterbalance Forklifts
These are the most recognisable type. The forks are at the front, and there’s a heavy weight at the back to counter the load. Simple, reliable, and great for everyday use in warehouses or yards.
They’re versatile but not ideal for tight spaces unless you go with a 3-wheel version, which offers a tighter turning circle.
Reach Trucks
Perfect for indoor use, especially in warehouses with high shelving. The forks on a reach truck extend outward, so it can “reach” into racking without moving the whole body forward.
They’re not suitable for uneven or outdoor surfaces, but they shine in narrow aisles and high stacks.
Pallet Jacks
Also known as pallet trucks, these are built for moving palletised loads over short distances. They’re compact, affordable, and often electric for easy movement.
They don’t lift very high, so they’re not a replacement for forklifts—just a good solution for low-level jobs.
Rough Terrain Forklifts
Need to work outdoors on uneven surfaces? This is your go-to. With big, chunky tyres and lots of power, rough terrain forklifts are made for construction sites, timber yards, and any area that isn’t paved.
They’re tougher and larger, but not great in tight indoor spaces.
Telehandlers
A telehandler is a hybrid between a forklift and a crane. Instead of a fixed mast, they use a telescopic boom that can extend forward and upward. That means they can lift loads to higher places and further out.
Mostly used in agriculture and construction, they’re ideal when you need both height and reach.
Order Pickers
These are specifically designed for picking individual items from shelves, often used in warehouses for fulfilling orders. The operator is lifted with the load, which makes it easier to access stock directly.
They’re very task-specific—great for certain jobs, but not as flexible as other forklifts.
Where They’re Used (And Why It Matters)
It’s not just about the type—it’s about matching it to the environment.
Indoor Warehouses
You’ll usually see electric forklifts here. They’re quieter, have zero emissions, and work well on smooth concrete floors. Reach trucks, order pickers, and counterbalance forklifts all have a place here.
Outdoor Yards or Construction Sites
This is where diesel or gas-powered forklifts come in. Rough terrain models, telehandlers, and heavy-duty counterbalance forklifts are more common outdoors thanks to their durability and power.
Cold Storage or Food Facilities
Electric forklifts are preferred, often with sealed batteries or special coatings to handle the cold or meet hygiene standards.
Narrow Aisles or High Storage
Reach trucks and order pickers rule this space. Their slim bodies and vertical lift capabilities help maximise storage.
Matching the forklift to the space is key. Oversized forklifts in narrow aisles slow everything down. Underpowered models in rugged environments just get stuck—or break.
Understanding Power Sources
Forklifts run on different fuels, and each one brings pros and cons. This decision affects cost, maintenance, and daily usability.
Electric Forklifts
These run on battery power, usually lead-acid or lithium-ion.
Pros:
- Low noise
- No emissions
- Lower operating costs over time
Cons:
- Limited runtime per charge
- Need time to recharge
- Not ideal for heavy-duty outdoor work
Best for indoor use, especially where air quality and noise are concerns.
Diesel Forklifts
These are all about power. Built for heavy loads and tough conditions.
Pros:
- High performance
- Great for outdoor use
- Longer run times
Cons:
- Loud and emits fumes
- Higher upfront and fuel costs
- Not suitable indoors
A good choice for construction, large yards, and situations where strength matters more than emissions.
LPG (Gas) Forklifts
Liquid petroleum gas offers a middle ground between electric and diesel.
Pros:
- Lower emissions than diesel
- Can be used indoors with proper ventilation
- Quick refuel time
Cons:
- Still emits some fumes
- Requires fuel storage and safety measures
Useful for mixed-use environments where flexibility is needed.
Choosing the Right Forklift
There’s no universal best forklift—it depends on what you need. Ask yourself:
What kind of loads are you lifting?
Heavy materials need stronger, more stable forklifts.
How high do you need to lift?
Regular forklifts won’t always cut it for tall shelving.
Where will it be used?
Indoors, outdoors, or both? Smooth floors or rough terrain?
How much space do you have?
Narrow aisles need compact designs with good manoeuvrability.
How often will it run?
Daily use might justify a more robust or fuel-efficient model.
Get clear on those questions, and you’ll avoid the usual trial-and-error headaches.
Forklifts aren’t just tools; they’re part of your workflow. Getting the wrong one slows everything down, racks up repair costs, and puts safety at risk. But when you get it right? Things move faster, smoother, and with fewer problems.